Physical AI Infrastructure

From grid connection to generated token.

The systems, suppliers and tradeoffs that determine deployment speed, reliability, density and cost.

Powering Intelligence

Grid, generation and electrical systems

Interconnection, substations, switchgear, transformers, UPS, BESS, gas turbines, busways, PSUs and 800VDC.

Future hinge: time-to-power
Cooling the Machine

Chip-to-campus thermal systems

Cold plates, manifolds, CDUs, facility water, chillers, towers, filtration and operational failure modes.

Future hinge: rack density
The AI Fabric

Networking, optics and connectivity

Scale-up, scale-out, DCI, Ethernet, InfiniBand, RoCE, copper, transceivers, silicon photonics, LPO and CPO.

Future hinge: bandwidth economics
Data & Memory

Storage, HBM and KV infrastructure

HBM, NAND, SSD, HDD, object storage, checkpointing, caching and data movement across the AI pipeline.

Future hinge: data gravity
Racks & Packaging

The system is the unit of compute

Rack architecture, power shelves, serviceability, advanced packaging, chiplets, boards, cables and mechanical constraints.

Future hinge: rack-scale design
Facilities & Delivery

Building the AI factory

EPC, commissioning, modularization, powered land, leasing, vendor qualification, construction sequencing and risk.

Future hinge: deployment velocity
Visual infrastructure chain

From utility feed to accelerator heat.

Electrical delivery and thermal removal are coupled systems.

Power chain

UtilityHV
SubstationTransform
MV distributionProtect
UPS / BESSRide-through
Rack powerBusway

Cooling loop

DieHeat
Cold plateCapture
CDUExchange
Facility waterTransport
Tower / chillerReject

Density transition

Air → hybrid → direct liquid → rack-scale liquid.

Future decision map

What leaders need to decide now.

The highest-value infrastructure decisions are made years before the workload arrives. Metachips frames each transition around timing, dependencies, qualification and option value.

2026–2027liquid cooling, power scarcity, 1.6T optics
2027–2029higher-voltage racks, optical scale-up pilots
2029–2032multi-GW campuses, deeper system co-design
Beyondphotonic fabrics, new power architectures, autonomous operations