Powering Intelligence
Generation, transmission, interconnection, substations, microgrids, turbines, batteries and grid constraints.
Decision: time-to-powerAI Data Centers
Campus design, EPC, commissioning, electrical topology, water, permitting and construction economics.
Decision: build modelCooling the Machine
Cold plates, CDUs, facility water, chillers, cooling towers, immersion and high-density heat rejection.
Decision: density pathRacks & Servers
Rack-scale compute, power shelves, busbars, motherboards, accelerators, NICs, storage and serviceability.
Decision: system topologyNetworking & Optics
Scale-up, scale-out, Ethernet, InfiniBand, CXL, UALink, SerDes, transceivers, LPO and CPO.
Decision: fabric roadmapSilicon & Memory
GPUs, ASICs, CPUs, NPUs, HBM, chiplets, advanced packaging, NoC and memory hierarchy.
Decision: platform choiceRuntime & Orchestration
Compilers, kernels, model serving, scheduling, telemetry, cluster management and optimization.
Decision: utilizationTraining & Inference
Prefill, decode, KV cache, MoE, batching, agents, multimodal systems and physical AI.
Decision: workload fitAI Infrastructure ROI
CapEx, OpEx, depreciation, power sensitivity, cost per token, capacity planning and supplier economics.
Decision: capital efficiencyThe stack is a dependency graph.
Changes ripple across energy, facilities, racks, silicon, software and economics.
Start with the decision.
How much power do we really need?
Translate model demand into accelerators, racks, MW, utility requirements and deployment phasing.
Should we buy GPUs or custom silicon?
Compare workload stability, software maturity, utilization, risk and lifecycle economics.
When does liquid cooling become mandatory?
Understand density, thermal headroom, water design, serviceability and retrofit constraints.
Ethernet or InfiniBand?
Assess topology, congestion, software, scale, operations and roadmap rather than headline bandwidth.
What changes at 800VDC?
Map power conversion, safety, qualification, content per rack and supplier implications.
What is the real cost per token?
Include hardware, energy, utilization, memory, networking, cooling and depreciation.